Human body

Human anatomy or anthropotomy is a special field within anatomy. It studies organs and organ systems of the human body, leaving the study of tissues to histology and cells to cytology. The human body, like the bodies of all animals, is made up of systems, that are made up of organs, that are made up of tissues, that are made up of cells.

See History of anatomy for a history of anatomy, including human anatomy.

Major systems of the human body

• Cardiovascular system: blood circulations with heart and blood vessels
• Digestive system: processing food with mouth, stomach and intestines
• Endocrine system: communicating within the body using hormones
• Excretory system: eliminating wastes from the body
• Immune system: defending against disease-causing agents
• Integumentary system: skin, hair and nails
• Muscular system: moving the body
• Nervous system: collecting, transferring and processing information with brain and nerves
• Reproductive system: the sex organs
• Respiratory system: the organs used for breathing, the lungs
• Skeletal system: structural support and protection through bones.

External features

Common names of well known parts of the human body, from top to bottom :

Skin

Head -- Forehead -- Eye -- Ear -- Nose -- Mouth -- Tongue -- Teeth -- Jaw -- Face -- Cheek -- Chin

Neck -- Throat -- Adam's apple -- Shoulders

Arm -- Elbow -- Wrist -- Hand -- Fingers -- Thumb

Spine -- Chest -- Breast -- Ribcage

Abdomen -- Belly button -- Sex organs (Penis/Scrotum or Clitoris/Vagina) -- Rectum -- Anus

Hip -- Buttocks -- Leg -- Thigh -- Calf -- Knee -- Heel -- Ankle -- Foot -- Toes

Internal organs

Common names of internal organs (in alphabetical order) :

Adrenal glands -- Appendix -- Bladder -- Brain -- Duodenum -- Gall bladder -- Heart -- Intestines -- Kidney --Liver-- Lungs -- Ovaries -- Pancreas -- Parathyroid gland -- Pituitary gland -- Prostate gland -- Spleen -- Stomach -- Thymus gland -- Thyroid gland -- Testicles -- Womb

Anatomy of the brain

Amygdala -- Brainstem -- Cerebellum -- Cerebral cortex -- Hypothalamus -- Limbic system -- medulla-- midbrain -- Pituitary gland -- pons

See also: Human brain, List of regions in the human brain

Studying human anatomy

Certain professions, especially medicine and physiotherapy, require the study of human anatomy in depth. Textbooks usually split the body into the following regional groups:

• Head and Neck - includes everything above the thoracic inlet
• Upper limb - includes everything from your hand, forearm, arm, shoulder, axilla, pectoral region and scapular region.
• Thorax - contains the region of the chest from the thoracic inlet to the thoracic diaphragm.
• Abdomen - everything from the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvic brim or to the pelvic inlet.
• The back - about the spine and its components, the intervetebral disks and bodies
• Pelvis and Perineum - the pelvis consists of everything from the pelvic inlet to the pelvic diaphragm. The perineum is everything below the pelvic diaphragm.
• Lower limb - the lower limb is usually everything below the inguinal ligament, including the thigh, the hip joint, the leg, and the foot.

See also

• Anatomy
• Body orifices
• Death - physical consequences of death
• Human
• Human biology
• Terms for anatomical location

• List of human anatomical features
• List of human anatomical parts named after people
• List of regions in the human brain
• List of bones of the human skeleton
• List of muscles of the human body
• List of distinct cell types in the adult human body